Geographic atrophy icd 10. With. Geographic atrophy icd 10

 
 WithGeographic atrophy icd 10 89 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes

51. Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that leads to progressive and irreversible vision loss. Geographic atrophy was more prevalent in South Asia (based on studies from India and Nepal, 3. This is a thinning of the macula (called "geographic" because it has a map-like appearance on examination), and it causes more noticeable vision loss than dry. It is found in the 2024 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2023 - Sep 30, 2024 . The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H31. 9 may differ. injury (trauma) of eye and orbit ( S05. Diseases of the eye and adnexa. D. H44. 52 may differ. cdc. Showing 51-75: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code H35. images of patients with geographic atrophy enrolled in the international, multicentre FILLY trial (NCT02503332). 091 may differ. 10 The ICD-9-CM classification of AMD is contained in Appendix Figure 3. The following code(s) above H31. BILLABLE | ICD-10 from 2011 - 2016. Code History. 0 became effective on October 1, 2023. The progression of geographic atrophy secondary to age-related macular degeneration. H35. 52 is a non-billable. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H47. The aim of this study was to describe the. 522 for Atrophy of globe, left eye is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the eye and adnexa . Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of photoreceptors, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and choriocapillaris. 9 became effective on October 1, 2023. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM K14. GA is distinct from wet or neovascular AMD (nAMD), the other form of advanced AMD. The initial symptom may be found during reading, when one or several letters in a word are “missing. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in elderly patients [1] and is classified as either non-exudative (i. There are 130 terms under the parent term 'Atrophy' in the ICD-10-CM Alphabetical Index . ”Geographic atrophy (GA) is the advanced atrophic form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 31 and H35. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. ”1. 3112,Purpose: Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that lacks treatment options. Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by atrophic lesions that first start in the outer retina. Official Long Descriptor. 0 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Pegcetacoplan is an. Although there is currently no approved treatment for GA, improved understanding of AMD mechanisms and risk. 1 Spinal muscle atrophy childhood form type II G12. 1016/j. Category Disorders Of The Globe. Changes in the correct visual acuity and reduction in geographic atrophy progression were evaluated. Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by atrophic lesions that first start in the outer retina and progressively expand to cover the macula and the fovea, the center of the macula, leading to irreversible loss of vision over time. injury (trauma) of eye and orbit ( S05. 213 - other international versions of ICD-10 H47. Gualino V, Tadayoni R, Cohen SY, et al. The start date was selected based on the availability of the ICD-10 code for GA, confirming disease severity and eye laterality. 32xx) with laterality and staging indicators. Geographic atrophy (GA) can develop from both the wet and the dry forms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 32 Exudative age-related macular degeneration; Disease History. 20 - Unspecified optic atrophy. Myopic CNV is the most common cause of vision loss in high myopia and has been reported in 5% to 10% of cases of. 293–Other optic atrophy, bilateral Title Partial Optic Atrophy . H44. The term was introduced by Gass in 1973 to refer to one or more circumscribed areas of atrophy in the macula that may gradually enlarge and coalesce (). ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code D31. 312 may differ. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM N42. PurposeThe purpose of the study was to investigate the association between area and presence of geographic atrophy (GA) and renal function, as measured by glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Retina. 291 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 522 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 299 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Other optic atrophy, unspecified eye. To detect discerning features, the morphologic changes in CACD patients and in AMD patients were assessed with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (cSLO), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), and spectral. In addition to code changes, some tabular instructions were revised to provide. Complement C3 Inhibitor Pegcetacoplan for Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration: A Randomized Phase 2 Trial Ophthalmology . Introduction. Optical coherence tomography, fluorescein angiography, and diagnosis of choroidal neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Other disorders of globe. 89 may differ. M62. H47. OMIM. Similarly, claims data is dependent on ICD coding, which can be highly variable and inconsistent. Contents. Other chorioretinal scars, right eye. Short description: Muscle wasting and atrophy, NEC, left forearm The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM M62. on August 16, 2023. -) 124 Other disorders of the eye with mcc or thrombolytic agent. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of K13. Summary. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence, configuration, and progression of peripapillary atrophy (PPA) relative to macular geographic atrophy (GA) in AMD. Patients and methods: This was a retrospective cohort analysis including 137 individuals with dry age-related macular degeneration without sfGA with 5 years of follow. H44. Geographic atrophy (GA) is the advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). ICD-10 code H44. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of K76. Classification of Atrophy Meeting Report 5 Jaffe G, Chakravarthy U, Freund K, et al. NUMERATOR NOTE: Denominator Exception(s) are determined on or any date during the performance period prior to the date of the denominator eligible encounter. doi: 10. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H47. Low vision aids like magnifiers or special eyeglasses may also be prescribed. Last updated: September 2023. 30 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H47. Geographic atrophy diagnosis in the IRIS® Registry: a comparison between images and ICD-10 codes Zhongdi Chu1, Kim Le1, Theodore Leng1,2, Durga Borkar3, Carlos Candano1, Aishwarya Ramakrishnan1, Ketki Khapare1, Michael Mbagwu1,2, Aracelis Z Torres1 1Verana Health, San Francisco, CA, USA 2Byers Eye Institute at Stanford, Stanford. Central Areolar Choroidal Dystrophy (CACD) is a rare hereditary dystrophy of the macular area, with fewer than 50,000 persons living with this disorder. H47. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H31. ophtha. Applicable To. 09 - other international versions of ICD-10 G31. February 21, 2023. 31x4) based on the Academy's preferred practice patterns. Advanced disease may involve focal. GA causes impaired visual function and affects more than 5 million people worldwide, including 22% of people over 90 years old. 362. See GA Differently. The information provided is subject to change without notice and should be verified by the provider for each patient. Cystoid macular degeneration, right eye. Syfovre™ is currently not a treatment for early AMD, and does not completely. Outer retinal atrophy develops in eyes with regression of SDD, a newly recognized form of late age-related macular degeneration. Short description: Nexdtve age-rel mclr degn, r eye, adv atrpc with sbfvl invl The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. 0 years). ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code R19. 299 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Request a Demo 14. ICD10-CM: subspecialty ICD-10 decision trees and guides; 2016 . Tiarnán D. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the main cause of blindness in the developed world in subjects aged ≥55 years, mainly with risk factors and genetic predisposition, with the number of patients affected being counted in millions and likely to increase with the population longevity. The term was introduced by Gass in 1973 to refer to one or more circumscribed areas of atrophy in the macula that may gradually enlarge and coalesce ( 1 ). 1 Progression of atrophy is negatively related to visual function and everyday task. I tell thee it is always advancing. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM K13. 3. The primary endpoint for both trials was the mean rate of change in geographic atrophy, as. Because it causes damage (or degeneration) to cells. Geographic atrophy is estimated to affect approximately 5 million globally, and its prevalence increases exponentially with age. 091 became effective on October 1, 2023. 9 - other international versions of ICD-10 H35. 522 for Atrophy of globe, left eye is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the eye and adnexa . ICD-10; CME/CE; MPR App; Haymarket Medical Network. 10 Evidence related to the humanistic burden of GA consistently uses the NEI VFQ-25, which has undergone preliminary validation in patients with GA, although a minimum clinically important. Today, a New Drug Application has been submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for intravitreal pegcetacoplan for the treatment of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 52. 50. 81% of the population of the United States has geographic atrophy in at least one eye, affecting 3. Diseases of the eye and adnexa. 8 became effective on October 1, 2023. Synonyms: abnormal rod or cone threshold, absent foveal reflex, acute annular. Convert H35. 019 may differ. Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of vision loss and visual impairment in people over 50 years of age. on August 16, 2023. There are 1,974 new codes, 311 deleted codes, and 425 revised codes. Drusen-related GA remains a large public health concern due to the. 0 - other international versions of ICD-10 K76. [ 10 ]. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H35. However, around 10% of all AMD-related vision loss of 20/200 or worse is due to geographic atrophy of the foveal center. ICD-10 (2016) Diseases of oral cavity and salivary glands (K00-K14). K14. The macula is the central part of the retina, which is the “film” lining the inside of the eye. The final changes were posted on the CDC website on August 22, 2016. In age-related macular degeneration (AMD), geographic atrophy (GA) is the defining lesion of the atrophic form of late disease. ICD-10-CM Range G00-G99. Drusen-related GA remains a large public health concern due to the. 4 Accurate documentation of GA is important for patients in clinical trials and for new therapies as. The underlying choroidal vasculature is more prominent when the pigment epithelium is absent or atrophic. scarring or diffuse, geographic atrophy of the macula. FY 2016 - New Code, effective from 10/1/2015 through 9/30/2016. Imaging, biomarkers, disease state, signs and symptoms of Geographic Atrophy. 319 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Atrophy of unspecified orbit. Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD) is an acquired degeneration of the retina that causes significant central visual impairment through a combination of non-neovascular ( drusen and retinal pigment epithelium abnormalities), and neovascular derangement (choroidal neovascular membrane formation). M62. Code History. The condition. 522 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of atrophy of globe, left eye. Clinical severity. The choroidal vessels are more visible than in surrounding areas, and the atrophic patch must be at least 175 µm in diameter. Atrophy of tongue papillae; Geographic tongue; Tabular List of Diseases and Injuries. GA is. BILLABLE | ICD-10 from 2011 - 2016. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has accepted for Priority Review the New Drug Application (NDA) for pegcetacoplan for the treatment of geographic atrophy (GA). H44. Use Additional. 2 General Pathology; 2. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H44. 89 became effective on October 1, 2023. Plasma from subjects with GA,. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM Z90. Atrophy of left orbit. 0 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 312 became effective on October 1, 2023. 1 Classification of Peripheral Retinal Degenerations. 3 Hypertrophy of tongue papillae . 292 may differ. GA is also known as dry age-related. Although the pathogenesis of GA has been studied extensively, there Key messages Studies have identified an increased mortality rate among individuals with geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Sudden-onset of blurring or distortion of vision is often the presenting symptom in the neovascular form. Added HCPCS J2781. The Progression of Geographic Atrophy Secondary to Age-Related Macular Degeneration Monika Fleckenstein, MD,1 Paul Mitchell, MD,. 522 may differ. Indicated for the treatment of geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Visual rehabilitation is often necessary, even in cases of tolerable visual acuity, as contrast sensitivity and reading ability ca…“Geographic atrophy” is a medical term that refers to later-stage cases of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 1 Geographic atrophy is characterized by the presence of well-demarcated atrophic lesions in the macula, with progressive degeneration of photoreceptors, retinal pigment. 3,4 Geographic atrophy is typically bilateral, 5 and lesionYou can develop both geographic atrophy and wet macular degeneration. Excluded from the analysis were those with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD, wet AM) in the study eye prior to first recorded GA diagnosis during the study period, which spanned from early 2016 to late 2017. It is the advanced stage of dry ARMD. 1 Geographic tongue Benign migratory glossitis Glossitis areata exfoliativa. 291 may differ. 07. -) A disorder involving the retina. Showing 1-25: ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Code N26. ICD-10-CM Code for Atrophy of globe H44. GA is distinct from wet or neovascular AMD (nAMD),. It is the major cause of blind registration in Western communities, 2,3 although, with few exceptions, it is less common than choroidal neovascular disease. 212 may differ. Permanent J-Code. Engl. 32 may differ. 79 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 30 became effective on. Similarly, claims data is dependent on ICD coding, which can be highly variable and inconsistent. Systematic review methodology: Relevant publications on Age-Related Macular Degeneration that were published until 2014. GA mainly occurs in people over the age of 60 who have age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 2023 - New Code 2024 Billable/Specific Code. Search All ICD-10 Toggle Dropdown. Get the facts about this advanced form of dry age-related macular degeneration. 3194: Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration [Geographic atrophy] H35. 522 became effective on October 1, 2023. Epub 2018 Oct 8. “With no treatment options available for patients with geographic atrophy secondary to dry age-related macular degeneration the FDA’s. Availabl e at: w. Z90. Request a Demo 14. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM G31. diabetes. Patients included in the analysis had geographic atrophy (based on ICD-10 codes) in at least one eye. H47. Geographic atrophy (GA) is generally defined as the advanced or late stage of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with a circular area of atrophy of 175 μm or more. ICD-10 Diagnosis Codes: H47. Geographic atrophy (GA) is generally defined as the advanced or late stage of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with a circular area of atrophy of 175 μm or more. 81 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. Geographic atrophy (GA) is a chronic eye condition in which the cells in the retina slowly break down and die. H47. Introduction. 30 is applicable to adult patients aged 15 through 124 years. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H35. Chorioretinal atrophy (CR) is the result of loss of the choriocapillaris, Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), and the outer layers of the sensory retina. Chorioretinal Atrophy. 2B1 became effective on October 1, 2023. Open in a separate window. Geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a retinal neurodegenerative disorder. GA may be classified as drusen-related (drusen-associated GA) or neovascularization-related (neovascular-associated GA). 523 may differ. 0 became effective on October 1, 2023. Parent Code: H47. These lesions typically appear. Evaluable subjects (N = 1095) with subfoveal choroidal. K14. 3134 for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral, advanced atrophic with subfoveal involvement is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -. cutis senilis L90. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H47. The patients by now, because the foveal became involved, are starting to use their eccentric fixation with a. Patients with geographic atrophy, which does not always affect the central fovea, may have relatively high distant visual acuity but exhibit a significantly reduced capacity for close-up tasks like reading. Chorioretinal atrophy (CR) is the result of loss of the choriocapillaris, Retinal Pigment Epithelium (RPE), and the outer layers of the sensory retina. 319 may differ. 523 - other international versions of ICD-10 H44. Among study eyes with VA of 20/40 or better at baseline, the rates of decline were similar in both cohorts, with 30. This condition greatly impairs your central vision. 521 for Atrophy of globe, right eye is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range - Diseases of the eye and adnexa . Geographic. Uncover ways of working as a unified team with your colleagues for your patients. Classification of Atrophy Meeting Report 5 Jaffe G, Chakravarthy U, Freund K, et al. Geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration and TLR3. H44. 2B1 may differ. Figure 6. We highlight clinical trial data from phase I, II, and III studies. Purpose: To systematically characterize histologic features of multiple chorioretinal layers in eyes with geographic atrophy, or complete retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and outer retinal atrophy, secondary to age-related macular degeneration, including Henle fiber layer and outer nuclear layer; and to compare these changes to those in the underlying RPE. 89 is applicable to adult patients aged 15 - 124 years inclusive. Reticular pseudodrusen are also found in other diseases, most notably Sorsby's fundus dystrophy, pseudoxanthoma elasticum and acquired vitelliform lesions. 369 became effective on October 1, 2023. How to use the ICD-10 codes for age-related macular degeneration. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H47. Geographic atrophy (GA) of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is a term used originally by Gass 1 to designate one form of late age-related macular degeneration (AMD). 291 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 293 - other international versions of ICD-10 H47. Geographic atrophy (GA) is a progressive, advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and is characterized by irreversible atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium photoreceptors and choriocapillaris, 1, 2 and is therefore associated with significant, irreversible loss of vision. 89 became effective on October 1, 2023. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H05. Search All ICD-10; ICD-10-CM Diagnosis Codes; ICD-10-PCS Procedure Codes The regions of atrophy result in a blind spot in the visual field. Characterized by drusen formation, macular pigmentary changes, geographic atrophy, and neovascularization of the choriocapillaris with exudation. ICD-10-CM Coding Rules. 50 is a billable medical code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis on a reimbursement claim, however, 362. Numerator. Geographic atrophy in dry AMD is determined clinically by a distinct, sharply circumscribed area of depigmentation or apparent RPE atrophy through which choroidal vessels can be seen. 1) gingivitis NOS (K05. Toggle navigation. Bilateral GA leads to severe visual impairment thus posing a significant burden on patients, careers and health providers. This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H21. H35. 0): 606 Minor skin disorders with mcc. 32. 20 became effective on October 1, 2023. Atrophy of globe, right eye. An extensive area of geographic, submacular pigment atrophy involves the entire posterior retina between the temporal retinal vascular arcades. high cholesterol. 6 Pathophysiological studies show that GA often begins in the regions away from the fovea and,. 30 is a billable diagnosis code used to specify a medical diagnosis of unspecified macular degeneration. Report 67028 once with 1 unit. Find out how to define geographic atrophy (GA) and its treatment codes (H35. Geographic atrophy (GA), the advanced form of nonexudative age-related macular degeneration (atrophic AMD, aAMD), is a major cause of central visual loss in people aged > 60 years. Fact Checked. As it is gradual, those with late stage AMD will have had the. RPE cells are “one of the most metabolically active tissues in the human body,” he says, and are responsible for cleaning out the many waste products that develop in the retina. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H47. 292 - other international versions of ICD-10 H47. 8. 521 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of atrophy of globe, right eye. 3 min read. 22, P ¼Search Results. INSTRUCTIONS: This measure is to be submitted a minimum of . This is the American ICD-10-CM version of H44. 3110 - H35. The atrophy is called geographic as confluent loss of the retinal. A. 2 In contrast to neovascular AMD, which is characterized by acute vision loss, GA is a. injury (trauma) of eye and orbit ( S05. H47. ICD-10-CM Code for Nonexudative age-related macular degeneration, bilateral H35. The RPE tear rate in eyes with PED in natural history studies has been noted to be between 10% and 12%, but this rate seems to be accelerated after anti-VEGF therapy (up to 17%). gov, October 6, 2022), 2 with promising results in Phase III. H35. Dry age-related macular. The conversion to wet AMD can occur at any stage of dry AMD, but is more likely in. The start date was selected based on the. 522 is a billable ICD code used to specify a diagnosis of atrophy of globe, left eye. A type 2 excludes note indicates that the condition excluded is not part of the condition it is excluded from but a patient may have both conditions at the same time. Geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD) affects >5 million people worldwide and is associated with profound visual dysfunction and irreversible vision loss as the disease progresses. On the pages of a book, it may seem like certain letters are missing when you look straight at the page. FDA Approves SYFOVRE™ (pegcetacoplan injection) as the First and Only Treatment for Geographic Atrophy (GA), a Leading Cause of Blindness. 093 contain annotation back-references that may be applicable to H31. Age-related macular degeneration is a potentially progressive maculopathy. Geographic atrophy can affect one or both eyes, and a patient with geographic atrophy in one eye is more likely to develop it in the other. Geographic atrophy. 1 Adult-onset foveomacular vitelliform dystrophy;. Outer retinal tubulation (ORT) is a feature of photoreceptor rearrangement after retinal injury. 11-13. 2020 Feb;127(2):186-195. It is found in the 2023 version of the ICD-10 Clinical Modification (CM) and can be used in all HIPAA-covered transactions from Oct 01, 2022 - Sep 30, 2023 . The clinical manifestations of non-exudative AMD range from incidental findings of drusen to geographic atrophy causing significant vision loss, and. 3131 is a billable/specific ICD-10-CM code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes. 50 became effective on October 1, 2023. Atrophic vaginitis; Atrophy of vagina; Senile (atrophic) vaginitis. The 2024 edition of ICD-10-CM H47. Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration (AMD), characterized by atrophic lesions that first start in the outer retina and progressively expand to cover the macula and the fovea, the center of the macula, leading to irreversible loss of vision over time. No abstract available. 10 20 30 40 12 months 24 months 36 months COHORT 1 COHORT 2 CNV=choroidal neovascularization; GA=geographic atrophy; VA=visual acuity. Methods: We manually delineated color fundus photographs of 209 Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) participants with GA secondary to age-related macular degeneration to identify total area of atrophy, GA. Izervay slowed progression of geographic atrophy effectively and quickly in clinical trials. It is defined as a sharply delineated round or oval area of hypopigmentation or depigmentation or absence of the RPE. You’ll still have your peripheral vision — what you can see on all sides of the center. 20 - other international versions of ICD-10 H47. 269 - other international versions of ICD-10 H21. Currently there is no approved or effective treatment. 20 [convert to ICD-9-CM] Benign neoplasm of unspecified retina. This may be due to loss of circulation from the choriocapillaris or from an inflammatory event. Nonexudative AMD Nonexudative (dry or atrophic) AMD accounts for 90 percent of all Versions 10, 11 Beta Draft, 10 Clinical Modification, and Proposed 11 ICD-1017 and ICD-10-CM (2016)18 ICD-11 Beta Draft21 ICD-10-CM (2017)19,20 and Proposed ICD-11 Current international version of ICD by the WHO Former (FY2016) US version of the ICD-10-CM by the CDC Draft international version of ICD-11 by the WHO; revisions still in progress 362. H44. Request a Demo 14 Day Free Trial Buy Now. Officials with the FDA have approved pegcetacoplan injection (Syfovre; Apellis Pharmaceuticals) as the first and only treatment for geographic atrophy (GA) secondary to age-related macular degeneration. .